Shoot Video to Look Like Film By Rajeev Jain, ICS WICA - Indian Cinematographer/ DOP

Shoot Video to Look Like Film By Rajeev Jain, ICS WICA - Indian Cinematographer/ DOP

There are several things you can do in post-production to make your videos look like film, and I'm going to talk with you about them in this article. But it's important to understand that video, by nature, will never be film. Just like they've made electronic instruments such as pianos and drums that sound so close to their 'real' counterparts that only the most trained ear can hear the difference and only the most astute player can feel it, there is still a difference.
I have another page where you can read more about the differences between video and film, so we won't get into the specifics of how the two mediums are functionally different. Let's just get right to the business, my friends.
The Way Film Looks
It would be fantastic if the video you just shot on your handheld camcorder could look just like film does when you see a movie in the theatre, right? Well, beyond the simple fact that good sound design does more than you probably realize to make a movie great, you have to know what you're looking for.
So let me ask you a question. What does film look like?
Unless you're sitting there with your hand raised, ready to shout out a bunch of specific qualities you love about film off the top of your head, chances are you couldn't rattle them off even if you had time to think about it. Can you really describe in concrete terms what film looks like?
What makes it so special? So majestic to take in?
Well, for those of you who aren't scholars, directors, or film students, I'll tell you why you want that film look so bad.
Film's Characteristics
Film is imperfect; it physically moves through the camera as it captures imagery. It's moving at a high rate of speed, and any dust, hairs, or other abnormalities present during each instant are captured as well. The film rolling through a camera reel is only exposed for 1/24 of a second, and as it passes through underneath the lens it captures an image based on the light its exposed to. It has a depth and colour quality all its own because of the chemical reaction that takes place during this fraction of an instant.
Following are several characteristics of film, an explanation of each, and tips on what you can do during both production and post-production to mimic each characteristic.
Film Cameras Have A Narrower Field
The measurement of how much of an image is in focus is called the depth of field. For example, you might have a person standing in front of a mountain range and both would be perfectly clear and visible. This image is said to have an extremely wide depth of field. An example of an image with a narrow depth of field would be a close-up of a table fork, where even the tablecloth right beneath the fork is blurred.
In film as opposed to video, the depth of field is quite a bit shorter by default. Movies get part of their magical quality from the fact that when our main character is standing in front of a crowd of people, you don't see the whole crowd and everyone's faces clearly. It's just our hero, standing there, and he's clear and sharp and crisp, while everyone in the crowd behind him is blurred.
Good filmmakers use this narrow depth of field to their advantage. The eye is naturally drawn to the part of an image that is most in focus, so everything that's blurred becomes part of the background. When you shoot a video and your camera is zoomed all the way out (wide), there literally is no background; it's a flat piece of scenery with a bunch of objects in it.
There is a way you can recreate the look of film and narrow your field depth. You'll need to set up your shots a little differently, and if you're indoors you may be limited by space.
Film Look - Tip #1: To set up a narrow depth of field, truck back so the camera is physically much further away from your subject (in fact, the further away, the better) and zoom in. While zoomed in, every tiny bit of movement or shakiness multiplies the amount your frame will move, so these shots are best attempted while using a tripod with a still or relatively still shot. When you are significantly further away and zoomed in (telephoto), you'll begin to see the background blurring out and your subject coming into view clearly. To tweak this shot and adjust the focus exactly how you want it, switch your camera to manual focus mode if it has one and if you feel comfortable doing so.
Film is Slower and Softer
It isn't composed of pixels like digital video, so film has a smoother, softer look to it. Film also shows motion blurs more easily because it has a slower frame rate than video. Since standard NTSC video is recorded at 29.97 frames per second, and most of it is interlaced, video doesn't carry the same quality as film because the images are displayed differently.
Interlacing is the method by which video is processed to save bandwidth for broadcasting. Video that is interlaced uses odd and even scan lines that hold two frames' worth of information in one. Some high-end video cameras shoot in progressive (full-frame) mode, which captures single frames, but most record interlaced video and are therefore prone to the sharpness of the scan lines appearing when motion occurs.
When you begin the editing and post-production process, you can immediately do a couple of things to change your video format to match film more closely.
Film Look - Tip #2: In your video editing program's project settings, set your project's frame rate to 24 frames per second. If there is an option that allows you to deinterlace the footage, select that option as well. These two changes will result in only a subtle change, but it'll get you that much closer to the film look when you export it.
Film Handles Darkness More Easily
You may have had an experience with a digital camera where you went to snap a photo and the device took a second (or several seconds) to show you the image preview. When it came up, it was blurry and out of focus. Digital photography and video does this often because it requires sufficient light in order to get the amount of information it perceives is necessary to take a good picture.
On most consumer-grade cameras, either photo or video, the iris tries to automatically adjust itself to compensate for what it perceives as a lack of light. It does this by staying open for a longer period of time, which means that if you move while holding the camera, or if your subject moves while the lens is taking in information, you'll end up with a blurred image.
Film has an exceptional tolerance for more extreme levels of darkness and light; video starts to degrade when things get dark, but film simply takes in what light it can and presses that light into its imagery. Even on a regular, normally exposed piece of film with average lighting you can see that its levels - the difference between the darkest color and the lightest color in the image - are much wider than most video.
The closer to true black an image becomes, the more it 'pops' out at the viewer. Video taken in low light conditions tend to be flat and can appear to have a greyish screen or filter over them. You'll have to shoot your scenes with more light when you use video, just because that's the way video works. But you can still make it pop like film.
Film Look - Tip #3: In your digital editing program, find your video effects panel or menu and look for an effect called Levels. Add this to your video and make the necessary adjustments until the darkest spots in your videos are close to black. Each Level filter is adjusted differently, so I can't give you an exact interface method for getting the right picture. It's your video though, so look in the Help section, mess around with the settings, and keep tweaking stuff until you find the look you think is best.
Film Captures Colour More Vibrantly
With digital grading and CGI being used more and more to add vivid colour and special effects to films, it's becoming less common for film to make it into theatres and home video media without having been run through a computer. Remember, film captures light - video captures a digital interpretation of that light. The colour on quality film doesn't have to conform to its closest computerized interpretation of how to display that colour.
Film Look - Tip #4: Find and add a Colour Correction plug-in to your project within your digital editor. Bring up the saturation a little bit and play with the gamma settings to adjust the overall lightness level. If necessary, a brightness/contrast effect can also be used to offset any increases in gamma.
Going On Instinct
Hopefully you'll find these tips useful, but remember that the way your video looks to you now might change in the future. If you're a relatively inexperienced filmmaker, you may look back one day, slap your forehead and exclaim, "what was I thinking?!"
Use your best judgment both on set and at the editing bay. Be aware that filmic style changes over the years and the latest fads and methods in films coming out right now might be old hat in a few years. Try less to mimic what you see on the big screen and more to develop your own unique style.
Do things you think will be pleasing to your viewers, but don't give up your creativity in place of a trendy or overdone gimmick because it'll probably wear out faster than you'd like.